Re-opened

The data, thirty years on

The 1996 Excel workbooks and the 2003 SPSS file still open. Every chart on this page is computed from those files — my own measurements, as I recorded them — not traced from the printed figures. The originals are reproduced separately in the appendix.

Belize · Toledo District, 1994

Mangroves were bigger on the Deep River — no plot mean overlaps

Sixty-nine Rhizophora mangle stems I measured across six plots in two watersheds.

Deep RiverMonkey River
Deep River 694Deep River 578Deep River 465Monkey River 357Monkey River 250Monkey River 1400mean girth at breast height (cm)

Recomputed from SITEALL.XLS (69 stems, measured July 1994).

Show the numbers
PlotSiteRiverStemsGirth (cm)Height (m)
M4Deep River 6Deep River493.9515.5
M2Deep River 5Deep River778.2312.64
M3Deep River 4Deep River665.4212.81
M6Monkey River 3Monkey River1157.429.68
M5Monkey River 2Monkey River1749.6511.59
M1Monkey River 1Monkey River2440.2210.17
A correction the spreadsheet makes in the chapter's favour. The thesis reports the plot ranking exactly right — site four highest, then two, three, six, five, one — but then concludes the Deep River result "may be skewed," because "the two sites with the next biggest trees were in Monkey River." They were not. M2 and M3 are Deep River 5 and Deep River 4. (The M codes look like they run in order of establishment rather than by river, which would explain the slip — but that is an inference; nothing in the files states what the prefix means.) All three Deep River plots outrank all three Monkey River plots on girth, diameter, mass and height. Reading the M prefix as "Monkey" cost the chapter its clearest result.
What "no overlap" means here — and what it does not. The separation is between the six plot means, on all four size metrics. Individual stems overlap freely: Monkey River 1 holds a stem of 113.0 cm girth, larger than every Deep River plot mean, and the Deep River plots run down to 8.5 cm. With three plots per watershed and seventeen stems at Deep River, a clean separation of six means is suggestive, not conclusive; the chapter's own nested ANOVA is the right strength of claim.

Fiji · Laucala Bay reef flat, austral spring — probably 1994

Five transects, five different reefs

Line-intercept transects run seaward across the reef flat off Laucala Bay, each scored in ten 10-metre segments. Transect five is bare rock; transect two is more dead coral than living.

Hard coralDead coralAlgal assemblageRubble & rockSandSoft coral
Transect 1Transect 2Transect 3Transect 4Transect 5

Recomputed from ZCRLSTAT.XLS. Percentages are the mean of the ten segments in each transect. Hard coral and soft coral are kept apart in both the chart and the table: pooling them would credit transect four with 91.0% "live coral" when 16.5 of those points are soft coral, and "live coral cover" in the reef literature conventionally means hard coral. Rubble is carried as its own column, so each row accounts for its whole composition; the totals fall a little short of or over 100% because the segment means are rounded before they are summed. The fourteen original category codes are preserved in the underlying data file.

Show the numbers
TransectHard coral %Soft coral %Dead coral %Algae %Rubble %Rock %Sand %Total %
19.221.270.0025.0415.7011.7036.8999.82
234.670.2860.684.370.000.000.00100.00
344.291.5916.8734.921.480.940.00100.09
474.5216.488.970.000.000.000.0099.97
56.560.000.000.000.0092.840.5099.90
Two labels that need care. The chapter calls this the "Suva Barrier Reef." In the modern literature that name belongs to a different structure, on the harbour side of the peninsula; the reef surveyed here is part of the Laucala Barrier Reef system — Sosoikula, Nukubuco, Nukulau and Makaluva. That identification is itself an inference from the chapter's description, not a mapped fact, and the site map has not yet been recovered. The naming is worked through on the Fiji return page. The fieldwork year is not recorded either: Methods give only "mid August to mid October on Thursday mornings," which puts the survey in the austral spring of 1993, 1994 or 1995, with 1994 the most likely.

Latvia · 260 respondents, 2001–03

What people agreed with most

Mean agreement across all 260 respondents, strongest first. The four-point scale, as printed in English, ran from "very true" to "not true at all"; it is reversed here so that further right means stronger agreement. "Don't know" is excluded from the means and reported separately.

Global warming is a serious problem3.56Polluters should be severely fined or punished3.51Protecting Latvias air is very important to me3.38Protecting my natural environment is importa…3.37I consider myself to be part of nature3.37Protecting the Baltic Sea is very important …3.36Protecting Latvias forests is very important…3.35Protecting Latvias Rivers is very important …3.35Environmental protection is important for my…3.32Helping the environment is important for Lat…3.29Protecting Latvias water resources is very i…3.23Protecting Latvias wetlands is very importan…3.15Latvian culture is important to me3.15Environmental damage negatively impacts me3.131234not true

Recomputed from thesisdatwlabels.sav — seven samples: two rural schools, a Jewish school, farmers, Environment Ministry staff, Rīga residents and expatriates. Showing the fourteen strongest of 31 scale items.

Show the numbers
ItemMeanSDnDon't know
Global warming is a serious problem3.560.6623623
Polluters should be severely fined or punished3.510.6424811
Protecting Latvias air is very important to me3.380.62519
Protecting my natural environment is important to me3.370.5524911
I consider myself to be part of nature3.370.724711
Protecting the Baltic Sea is very important to me3.360.6123722
Protecting Latvias forests is very important to me3.350.6223624
Protecting Latvias Rivers is very important to me3.350.5924018
Environmental protection is important for my well being3.320.5924119
Helping the environment is important for Latvias economic growth3.290.6621444
Protecting Latvias water resources is very important to me3.230.623525
Protecting Latvias wetlands is very important to me3.150.6922634
Latvian culture is important to me3.150.7524911
Environmental damage negatively impacts me3.130.7722336
I am happy3.020.8324020
I am aware of Latvian traditions3.020.5923324
People with more ability should earn more wealth3.00.9122335
Factories that pollute heavily should be shut down2.990.8821149
Maintaining culture is important to me2.950.7322435
The government is doing a good job in protecting our environment2.950.8923822
Economic development is a serious threat to Latvias natural environment2.90.7617474
I understand the environmental situation in Latvia2.890.6620355
If I had more time I would be more interested in protecting my environment2.860.7821444
How I relate to my environment is a product of my cultural heritage2.820.7419365
I have enough money to live comfortably2.530.8224119
I feel satisfied with the state of the environment in Latvia2.380.7621739
I am aware of ways for me to be more involved in conserving Latvias environment2.350.7915996
There are actions that I could take which would be effective in helping the environment2.310.7917879
Environmental protection is the responsibility of the government and not the public1.930.8623225
I have participated in environmental activist groups1.890.7524613
The government is doing enough to educate people and include them in environmental decision making1.870.6922237
The English wording is not quite the instrument people answered. The item labels charted and tabulated here are the English ones carried in the SPSS file, but about 96% of the 260 respondents filled in a Latvian questionnaire that is not a clean translation of it. The Latvian anchors read ļoti patiess un pareizs / pareizs / nepareizs — "very true and correct / correct / incorrect" — a correctness frame rather than a gradation of truth, with the "somewhat" steps gone. Several items diverge outright. q24, printed above as "There are actions that I could take which would be effective in helping the environment" (mean 2.31), asks in Latvian Man ir tieši ieteikumi kas varētu palīdzēt vides aizsardzības jomā — closer to "I have specific suggestions that could help." A low score there may record modesty about having proposals rather than a belief that acting is futile. The Latvian text is the operative instrument; read the English labels as approximations. The item-by-item comparison is on the Latvia return page.